The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.